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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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浙江社会信用体系建设实现再突破******url:https://m.gmw.cn/2023-01/05/content_1303245052.htm,id:1303245052

　　在1月4日举行的第四届中国城市信用建设高峰论坛开幕式上，第四届“新华信用杯”全国信用案例暨信用应用场景优秀微视频评选结果正式公布，浙江24个信用案例和7个微视频入选并获最佳组织奖，信用案例入选数量居首位。

　　近年来，浙江省积极开展社会信用体系建设创新探索，把社会信用体系建设作为推动社会治理现代化的重要手段，通过推进全省13个地区“信用+社会治理”试点工作，进一步发挥社会信用建设在服务民生中的重要作用，推动打造共建共治共享的社会治理新格局。在“信用浙江”二十年发展历程中，浙江社会信用体系建设持续创新、不断完善，始终走在全国前列。目前，全省已有10个地区成为全国社会信用体系建设示范区，数量居全国第一。

　　信用立法是支撑信用体系有效运转的重要基础，也是确保各项信用机制有效落地的关键保障。刚刚过去的2022年，浙江杭州、宁波信用法治建设取得突破性进展。《杭州市社会信用条例》于2022年7月1日正式实施。2022年12月23日，宁波市十六届人大常委会第七次会议审议通过《宁波市社会信用条例》。

　　此外，2022年11月15日，杭州组织天津、三亚、海口、厦门、宁波、济南、郑州、榆林、黄石等地发展改革委（信用办）共同签署《十市城市信用建设战略合作协议》，通过推进建立跨地区、跨部门、跨领域的信用体系建设合作机制，加强信用信息共享、信用评价结果互认和应用场景共享，深化信用信息共享、监管共治、规则共建、应用共享、品牌共铸等方面的沟通合作，努力成为信用规范建设、守信联合激励、优化信用环境的合作样板。以上两项举措均获评《2022中国城市信用建设年报》中国城市信用建设年度十大成就。

　　中国城市信用建设高峰论坛是推进社会信用体系建设的全国性高端论坛，曾先后在杭州、福州和济南举办。此次中国城市信用建设高峰论坛以“信用筑基引领发展——让市场更有效让政府更有为”为主题，在广州、北京双会场举办。论坛由国家发展改革委指导，新华通讯社、广州市人民政府主办，新华社中国经济信息社、新华通讯社广东分社、广州市发展改革委、广州市越秀区人民政府承办。（朱昕彦）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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